Matrix.h

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#pragma once
 
#include <array>
#include <exception>
#include <functional>
#include <ostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
 
namespace Zivid
{
    template<typename T, size_t rowCount, size_t colCount>
    class Matrix
    {
        static_assert(rowCount > 0 && colCount > 0, "rowCount and colCount must be > 0");
 
    private:
        using Storage = std::array<T, rowCount * colCount>;
 
    public:
        using ValueType = T;
 
        using Iterator = typename Storage::iterator;
 
        using ConstIterator = typename Storage::const_iterator;
 
        static constexpr size_t rows{ rowCount };
 
        static constexpr size_t cols{ colCount };
 
        Matrix() = default;
 
        explicit Matrix(const std::array<T, colCount * rowCount> &arrArr)
            : m_mat{ arrArr }
        {}
 
        template<typename Iterator>
        Matrix(Iterator beginIt, Iterator endIt)
        {
            if(std::distance(beginIt, endIt) != rows * cols)
            {
                throw std::out_of_range("Input size does not match matrix size. Expected " + std::to_string(rows * cols)
                                        + " items, got " + std::to_string(std::distance(beginIt, endIt)) + " items.");
            }
 
            std::copy(beginIt, endIt, m_mat.begin());
        }
 
        explicit Matrix(std::initializer_list<T> values)
            : Matrix{ values.begin(), values.end() }
        {}
 
        explicit Matrix(std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<T>> values)
        {
            if(values.size() != rows)
            {
                throw std::out_of_range("Input size does not match matrix size. Expected " + std::to_string(rows)
                                        + "rows, got " + std::to_string(values.size()) + " rows");
            }
 
            auto iterator = begin();
            for(const auto &row : values)
            {
                if(row.size() != cols)
                {
                    throw std::out_of_range("Input size does not match matrix size. Expected all rows to be of size "
                                            + std::to_string(cols) + ", got row with " + std::to_string(row.size())
                                            + " values");
                }
                for(const auto &value : row)
                {
                    *(iterator++) = value;
                }
            }
        }
 
        Iterator begin()
        {
            return m_mat.begin();
        }
 
        Iterator end()
        {
            return m_mat.end();
        }
 
        ConstIterator cbegin() const
        {
            return m_mat.cbegin();
        }
 
        ConstIterator cend() const
        {
            return m_mat.cend();
        }
 
        T &at(size_t row, size_t col)
        {
            throwIfOutOfBounds(row, col);
            return m_mat[row * cols + col];
        }
 
        const T &at(size_t row, size_t col) const
        {
            throwIfOutOfBounds(row, col);
            return m_mat[row * cols + col];
        }
 
        T &operator()(size_t row, size_t col)
        {
            return m_mat[row * cols + col];
        }
 
        const T &operator()(size_t row, size_t col) const
        {
            return m_mat[row * cols + col];
        }
 
        std::string toString() const
        {
            std::stringstream ss;
            ss << "[ ";
            for(size_t row = 0; row < rowCount; row++)
            {
                ss << (row == 0 ? "[" : "\n  [");
                for(size_t col = 0; col < colCount; col++)
                {
                    const auto value{ m_mat[row * colCount + col] };
                    ss << (value >= 0 ? " " : "") << std::to_string(value);
                    ss << (col == colCount - 1 ? "" : ", ");
                }
                ss << (row == rowCount - 1 ? "]" : "], ");
            }
            ss << " ]";
            return ss.str();
        }
 
    private:
        static void throwIfOutOfBounds(size_t row, size_t col)
        {
            if(row >= rows)
            {
                throw std::out_of_range("Trying to access row with index " + std::to_string(row)
                                        + ", but allowed range is [0, " + std::to_string(rows - 1) + "]");
            }
            if(col >= cols)
            {
                throw std::out_of_range("Trying to access column with index " + std::to_string(col)
                                        + ", but allowed range is [0, " + std::to_string(cols - 1) + "]");
            }
        }
 
        Storage m_mat{};
    };
 
    template<typename T, size_t rowCount, size_t colCount>
    std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &stream, const Matrix<T, rowCount, colCount> &matrix)
    {
        return stream << matrix.toString();
    }
 
    using Matrix3f = Matrix<float, 3, 3>;
 
    using Matrix3d = Matrix<double, 3, 3>;
 
    using Matrix4f = Matrix<float, 4, 4>;
 
    using Matrix4d = Matrix<double, 4, 4>;
} // namespace Zivid